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CNC is a word your hear all the time but do you really know what those three letters stand for?


Computerised  -  Numeral  -  Control


Basically you put a program of numbers into a machine and it will cut, drill, grind, tap etc in the exact position you need it to.   The numbers are in a programing language called G-Code.

CNC comes in many forms, from plasma cutters, routers, mills, water jet, laser, ect.  Once you take the human control of the tool away and put the control in the hands of a machine you are talking about  CNC.   


What is G-Code

From Wikipedia


G-code Appeared in 1950s (first edition)Designed by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Major implementations many, mainly Siemens Sinumeric, FANUC, Haas, Heidenhain, Mazak. Generally there is one international standard - ISO 6983. Usual filename extensions .mpt, .mpf .nc and several others

G-code is the common name for the most widely used computer numerical control (CNC) programming language, which has many implementations. Used mainly in automation, it is part of computer-aided engineering. G-code is sometimes called G programming language.


In fundamental terms, G-code is a language in which people tell computerized machine tools what to make and how to make it. The "what" and "how" are mostly defined by instructions on where to move to, how fast to move, and through what path to move. The most common situation is that a cutting tool is moved according to these instructions, cutting away excess material to leave only the finished work piece. Non-cutting tools, such as cold-forming tools, burnishing tools, or measuring probes, are also sometimes involved.


G-CODES MACHINE CODE REFERENCE

G-code Table

G00 - Rapid Linear Motion

G01 - Linear Motion at Feed Rate

G02 and G03 - Arc at Feed Rate

G04 - Dwell

G10 - Coordinate System Data Tool and Work Offset Tables

G12 and G13 - Clockwise / Counterclockwise Circular Pocket

G15 and G16 - Exit and Enter Polar Mode

G17, G18 and G19 - Plane Selection

G20 and G21 - Length Units

G28 and G30 - Return to Home

G28.1 - Reference Axes

G31 - Straight Probe

G40, G41 and G42 - Cutter Radius Compensation

G43, G44 and G49 - Tool Length Offsets

G50 and G51 - Scale Factors

G52 - Temporary Coordinate System Offset

G53 - Move in Absolute Coordinates

G54 to G59 and G59 P~ - Select Work Offset Coordinate System

G61 and G64 - Set Path Control Mode

G68 and G69 - Coordinate System Rotation

G73 - Canned Cycle - High Speed Peck Drill

G80 - Cancel Modal Motion

G81 to G89 - Canned Cycles

G90 and G91 - Distance Mode

G92, G92.1, G92.2 and G92.3 - G92 Offsets

G93, G94 and G95 - Set Path Control Mode

G98 and G99 - Canned Cycle Return Level